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Inside Dynamic HTML
Microsoft Programmers Series
Chapter 15
Data Binding and HTML
Until the arrival of data binding, accessing data via web pages was slow. And the Internet has become slower as traffic has increased-especially if you're limited to a 28.8 kbps modem. Pages that accessed data were slow to render. This was due, in large part, to servers not only supplying Web pages but also being tasked with accessing the database and merging the data with the page to create a complete HTML page for the client. Moreover, once that page was transmitted to the client there was no way for the client to differentiate between the data and the HTML that contained it. As a result, when users wanted to manipulate the data-for example, to sort it in a different order-they needed to make another request to the server. Such a request would result in the server accessing the same data again, formatting it differently, and transmitting the new page to the client. The server once again transmitted the same data embedded in the HTML page to the client. Some servers were also required to maintain client state to ensure that data was consistently displayed to the user. All these factors resulted in a user experience equivalent to mainframe terminals in terms of interactivity. Fortunately, all this has changed.
Enter data binding. Data binding is a feature of Dynamic HTML that solves many of these problems. Data binding maintains the distinction between the data and the HTML that displays it. Data is transmitted to the client asynchronously and rendered asynchronously as it arrives, much like a progressively rendered GIF. Because the client is able to differentiate the data, it can perform manipulations, such as sorting, on the client, without a round-trip to the server. This autonomy reduces the number of server hits and the amount of data transmitted. Web pages built using data binding display data more quickly, reduce the number of hits to the server, remove the burden of formatting from the server, and provide a more interactive, responsive experience to the user by eliminating long waiting periods between pages.
The goal of this chapter is to give you enough information to build an HTML page using data binding as well as providing a reference you can use as you build data-bound pages. The following topics are covered in this chapter:
- What is data binding?
Data binding is a concept introduced in Dynamic HTML. This section defines the term binding and introduces the concepts that will be explored in the remainder of this chapter.
- Data-binding architecture
This section discusses the three components of the data-binding architecture: data source objects, HTML data-binding extensions, and the binding and repetition agent. Data source objects supply data to Web pages and encapsulate the functions of transmission, specification, manipulation, and script access. The HTML data-binding extensions are attributes that can be included on HTML elements. The attributes specify the data source object that supplies data to the element. Elements that include data-binding attributes are called data consumers. The binding and repetition agent recognizes data source objects and data consumers on a Web page and synchronizes data transfers between the HTML elements and the data source.
- Data consumers-HTML elements
A large number of HTML elements support data binding. This section provides a list of these elements and explains how they are used to display and allow user interaction with the data supplied by a data source object. This section also provides examples that demonstrate how to bind each supported HTML element.
- Building basic pages using data binding
This section discusses the three basic types of binding: current record binding, repeated table binding, and paged table binding. Current record binding displays data from the current record in bound elements. You can use a script to change which record in the data set is current. When a new record becomes current the bound elements are updated to show data from that record. Repeated table binding allows the Web author to repeat a set of HTML elements, called a template, to build a table that displays all the rows in a data set. Paged table binding is similar to repeated table binding except that it allows the Web author to limit the number of records displayed in the table. The paged table can be thought of as a window into the data set. Using scripts, the Web author can then move this window around the data set to display additional data.
- Writing scripts using data binding
As part of the data-binding functionality, a rich event model is provided to Web authors for writing applications. Events are provided for validation, record movement, and asynchronous data transmission. This section also describes the basics of accessing data from a data source object using ActiveX Data Objects (ADO).
- Advanced features
This section provides a brief overview of a number of advanced features of data binding, including data updates, the recordNumber property, and object model access to the data-binding attributes. This section discusses how a Web page can be made into a client/server application by enabling data updates. The recordNumber property, available from every element in a repeated or paged table, allows the script writer to easily determine to which record from the data source object the element is bound. The remainder of the section discusses adding, deleting, and modifying the data-binding attributes on elements using the Dynamic HTML object model.
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